Softskill (translation)

Source:

1.      Definisi Penerjemahan

Seperti halnya ilmu-ilmu lain, di dalam bidang penerjemahan ditemukan banyak definisi. Berbagai definisi tersebut mencerminkan pandangan ahli yang membuat definsi tentang hakikat terjemahan dan proses penerjemahan.

Definisi pertama berasal dari Catford. Ia menulis:

(Translation is) the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language (Catford, 1965:20).

Mungkin Anda sedikit bertanya-tanya karena di dalam definisi tersebut tidak ditemukan konsep tentang makna. Sementara, secara garis besar terjemahan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari persoalan makna atau gagasan.

Ungkapan tentang hakikat penerjemahan yang menyentuh konsep makna diungkapkan oleh Savory (1968):

Translation is made possible by an equivalent of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions.

Savory tidak lebih jauh lagi menyebut hal-hal yang operasional atau terkait dengan proses.

Proses penerjemahan disajikan secara lebih jelas oleh Nida dan Taber (1969). Mereka menyatakan:

Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

Dalam bukunya Translation: Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) memberi batasan yang luas pada istilah penerjemahan. Bagi dia penerjemahan adalah pengalihan buah pikiran atau gagasan dari satu bahasa ke dalam bahasa lain. Kedua bahasa ini bisa serumpun, seperti bahasa Sunda dan Jawa, bisa dari lain rumpun, seperti bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, atau bahkan bahasa yang sama tetapi dipakai pada kurun waktu yang berbeda, misalnya bahasa Jawa zaman Majapahit dan bahasa Jawa masa sekarang. Hanya saying dalam definisi ini tidak tersirat proses penerjamahan dan kriteria terjemahan yang baik.

Half Complete:

1.      The definition of translation

As well as other sciences, in the field of translation found many definitions. Various definitions reflect the views of experts who make definition of the nature of translation and translation process.

The first definition is derived from Catford. He writes:

(Terjemahan adalah ) penggantian bahan tekstual dalam satu bahasa oleh bahan tekstual setara dalam bahasa lain. (Catford, 1965:20)

Maybe you're a little wonder because in the definition of the concept of the meaning is not found. While, an outline of translation can not be separated from the question of the meaning or idea.

The phrase about the nature of translation that touches the concept of meaning expressed by Savory (1968):

Terjemahan dimungkinkan oleh setara pemikiran yang ada di balik ekspresi verbalnya yang berbeda.

Savory no further mention matters related to operational or process.

The proccess of translation is presented more clearly by Nida and Taber (1969). They state:

Penerjemahan terdiri dari mereproduksi dalam bahasa reseptor setara alami terdekat dari pesan bahasa sumber , pertama dalam hal makna dan kedua dalam hal gaya.

In his book Translation: Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) provide extensive restrictions on the term of translation.

Complete:

1.      The definition of translation

As well as other sciences, in the field of translation found many definitions. Various definitions reflect the views of experts who make definition of the nature of translation and translation process.

The first definition is derived from Catford. He writes:

(Terjemahan adalah ) penggantian bahan tekstual dalam satu bahasa oleh bahan tekstual setara dalam bahasa lain. (Catford, 1965:20)

Maybe you're a little wonder because in the definition of the concept of the meaning is not found. While, an outline of translation can not be separated from the question of the meaning or idea.

The phrase about the nature of translation that touches the concept of meaning expressed by Savory (1968):

Terjemahan dimungkinkan oleh setara pemikiran yang ada di balik ekspresi verbalnya yang berbeda.

Savory no further mention matters related to operational or process.

The proccess of translation is presented more clearly by Nida and Taber (1969). They state:

Penerjemahan terdiri dari mereproduksi dalam bahasa reseptor setara alami terdekat dari pesan bahasa sumber , pertama dalam hal makna dan kedua dalam hal gaya.

In his book Translation: Applications and Research, Brislin (1976) provide extensive restrictions on the term of translation. For him, translation is the transfer of thoughts or ideas from one language into another language . Both of these can cognate languages ​​, such as the Sundanese and Javanese , could be of another clump , such as English and Indonesian , or even the same language but used at different times , such as the Java language Javanese Majapahit era and the present. Just saying in this definition is not implied penerjamahan process and criteria for a good translation .

Indah Lestari

4sa04

13611562

Softskill (translation software)

Differences between 5 translation software

Wordbee

Collaborative translation improving delivery times by 50% or better

Quick implementation means that changing platforms isn’t what it used to be.

Translation Project Management Wordbee improving the initial management phase.

Automated workflows, Project setup, deadline calculations, translator assignments, document revisions, and job kick-offs are all automated.

Computer-assisted Translation, All the advanced features are available, like a super fast CAT window, built-in term databases, real-time collaborative translation memory, an easy-to-use interface, and translator specific settings like hot-keys.

Translation memory Combined with collaborative translation technology, Wordbee has the most advanced translation memory on the market.

Ginger

Emoji, have fun expressing yourself with hundreds of characters to choose from.

Word Prediction, typing with smart word prediction that suggests your next word as you’re typing it.

Grammar Checker, Write with complete confidence knowing that the world’s leading proofreader has reviewed your text for any spelling, grammar and punctuation issues.

Sentence Rephraser, phrase your text with suggestions that convey your intended message with more clarity and style.

Translator, quickly translate your text between 40 different languages.

Dictionary, Never be at a loss for words again with instant definitions and contextual synonyms.

SDL

Language DNA,  SDL helps you connect with customers in their native language and forge genuine brand experiences

Technology to drive context, The industry’s first context engine ensures relevance is baked into every touchpoint throughout the buyer-to-advocate journey

Complete, connected journeys, SDL provides the only global-ready customer engagement solution that creates a frictionless experience across marketing, sales and service

Sophistication simplified, SDL makes it easy to support—and unify—the multiple brands, websites, and languages.

Integrated solutions, SDL technology is fully integrated and leverages common data so you can deliver consistent experiences to customers

Trados

SDL Language Technologies offers a unique language technology platform – from translation memory productivity tools for the individual translator to project management software for translator teams, from translation management solutions to cloud-based machine translation.

SDL Language Technologies products and services are designed to increase efficiency, productivity and quality within the localization process and encompass the following core technologies:

Translation memory : A linguistic database that captures your translations as you work so you never have to translate the same sentence twice.

Terminology management : A searchable database containing lists of terms and additional term data ensuring consistency within translations.

Translation Management : Technology to manage the end to end process for translating and localizing information.

Machine translation : A translation carried out by a machine, with no human involvement. These systems can be rules-based or statistical.

Software localization : A tool that accelerates the technical aspects of localizing User Interfaces, help and documentation files.

The SDL Language Platform includes everything a company needs to effectively enable a global customer experience, including technology to improve translator productivity, manage localization workflows or automatically translate content.

Systran

SYSTRAN INNOVATIVE HYBRID ENGINE

SYSTRAN's hybrid machine translation engine combines the strengths of rule-based and statistical machine translation, thus merging the predictability and language consistency of rule-based MT with the fluency and flexibility of statistical MT to reach customer quality requirements.

SYSTRAN CUSTOMIZATION METHODOLOGY

Customization is a process that allows users to fine-tune translations to achieve publishable translation quality results.

ADVANTAGE OF SYSTRAN TECHNOLOGY

For 40+ years SYSTRAN has and continues to deliver proven translation software solutions to corporate, government and individual customers.

LANGUAGE TRANSLATION SOFTWARE

SYSTRAN MT solutions are being used throughout the enterprise to improve multilingual communication both internally and externally and generate savings or new revenue opportunities.

Indah Lestari
4SA04
13611562

Tugas Softskill 3

Cleaning white, canvas Vans or any other canvas shoes can be a real challenge. The yellowing that you describe in the washing machine can be caused from bleach being used or the glue that holds the base to the shoe, spreading onto the canvas. Follow these guidelines from the Vans website for proper care and cleaning.

Steps to Clean the Shoes:

1. Begin by filling the sink or bucket with warm water.
2. Add a small amount of mild detergent (it’s important not to use harsh detergents) to the water and agitate until suds begin to form.
3. Lay out a thick towel.
4. Holding the shoe over the water (do not submerge it), dip the brush into the soapy water and scrub the surfaces of the shoe.
5. Repeat until all of the dirt has been scrubbed away.
6. Rinse with clean water.
7. When the shoes are cleaned and rinsed, place them on top of the towel. Wrap the sides of the towel over the shoe and gently press out the excess water.
8. Open the shoes up completely and allow them to air dry.
9. Avoid wearing or storing the shoes while still wet or damp. This can lead to mold and mildew growth which is even more difficult to remove.

Additional Tips and Advice

• Canvas shoes can usually be washed on the gentle cycle in the washing machine. However, if the shoes are made from synthetic materials, it is best to hand wash them.
• There are special cleaning products available to clean suede Vans. These can be found at shoe stores or some drug stores.
• For severely dirty shoes, it may be necessary to add a small amount of bleach to the water. Using a dye-free bleach will help to avoid the yellow stains that bleach can sometimes create.

Source: http://www.howtocleanstuff.net/how-to-clean-white-canvas-vans/

·        As a verb

The yellowing that you describe in the washing machine can be caused from bleach being used or the glue that holds the base to the shoe, spreading onto the canvas.

·        As a noun/gerund

Holding the shoe over the water (do not submerge it), dip the brush into the soapy water and scrub the surfaces of the shoe.

·        As adjective

Canvas shoes can usually be washed on the gentle cycle in the washing machine.

           

           

            Name: Indah Lestari

            NPM: 13611562

            Class: 4SA04

Direct and Indirect speech

Tugas softskill 2 (direct & indirect speech)

The death toll is reduced

Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police record number of travelers who died from traffic accidents during Operation Jaya Ketupat 2011 decreased compared to previous years. "In qualitative decline of the 43 people killed to 25 people," said Head of Public Relations Jakarta Police, Comr Baharudin Djafar, Thursday (8 / 9).

However, the total number of accidents during 2011 increased mudik than before, ie 195 to 235 incident cases. "Increase reach 21 percent," said Baharudin.

Polda Metro Jaya also recorded the number of serious injuries this year has increased, ie 103 people from 70 people. Meanwhile, the number of minor injuries from 147 people to 210 people.

Meanwhile, the number of acts evidence of a violation (ticket) against motorists who break during Operation Jaya Ketupat 2011, a total of 39,333 cases from 16,679 cases. (IAN / Ant)

Statement Sentence

1.                  "In qualitative decline of the 43 people killed to 25 people," said Head of Public Relations Jakarta Police, Comr Baharudin Djafar.

Indirect speech: Head of Public Relations Jakarta Police, Comr Baharudin Djafar said that in qualitative declined of the 43 people killed to 25 people.

2.                  "Increase reach 21 percent," said Baharudin.

Indirect speech:  Baharudin said that Increase reached 21 percent.

Imperative Sentence

1.                  Sheila said. “Shut up the window!”

Indirect speech: Sheila told me to shut  the window.

2.                  My mother said, “Don’t forget to do your homework!”

Indirect speech: My mother told me not to forget to do my homework.

Interogative Sentence (Question)

1.                  Sam asked me, “Do you repeat the new words every night?”

Indirect speech: Sam asked me whether I repeat the new words every night.

2.                  Daddy said to Tom, “Did you wash the car today?”

Indirect speech: Daddy asked Tom if he wash the car today.

Indah Lestari

13611562

4SA04

Tugas Softskill 4sa04

Hong Kong 1 July marches
The Hong Kong 1 July protests (Chinese: 七一遊行) is an annual protest rally originally led by the Civil Human Rights Front since the 1997 handover on the HKSAR establishment day. However, it was not until 2003 that the march drew large public attention by opposing the legislation of Basic Law Article 23. The 2003 protest, with 500,000 marchers, was the largest protest seen in Hong Kong since the 1997 handover.[1] Prior to this, only the pro-democracy protest on 21 May 1989 drew more people with 1.5 million marchers in Hong Kong sympathising with the participants of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.[2] The introduction of Article 23 legislation was temporarily shelved because of the protest. Since then, 1 July marches have been held every year as a channel to demand democracy, universal suffrage, rights of minorities, protection of freedom of speech, and a variety of other political concerns.
Source: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches
Passive:
1. Before the protests, a  white paper  by the Chinese government proclaimed that Hong Kong does not enjoy full autonomy, and that Hong Kong's high degree of autonomy was granted by the Chinese government.
2. The departure in wording from emphasizing the high degree of autonomy guaranteed by the  Hong Kong Basic Law  sparked controversy that the Chinese government was suggesting it could intervene in Hong Kong affairs, in effect redefining  One Country, Two Systems .
3. The Hong Kong government earlier promised to residents that they will be able to vote for their new chief executive in the upcoming 2017 election, but it has been feared that the final process will favour candidates approved by Beijing.
4. Just two days before the protest, the government led by  Stephen Lam  tried to pass a bill to no longer allow by-elections, this is to block any more events similar to the  Five Constituencies referendum .
5. A "unity parade" was organised by the pro-Beijing camp in the morning at  Hong Kong Stadium .

Active
1. He is accused of lying about it during last year's election campaign.
2. There were complaints with land hogging and control by real estate companies.
3. There were complaints of allowing more women from  mainland China  to give birth in Hong Kong.
4. Two protests were held in 2005 including the annual 1 July event and a separate  December 2005 protest for democracy .
5. Further questions were raised regarding maximum working hours, minimum wage, increase of sexual violence, divide between the rich and poor.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches

Indah lestari
4SA04

Softskill Komunikasi Bisnis 3SA04

UK kicking out engineers to work for competitors says Dyson

UK kicking out engineers to work for competitors says Dyson	UK menendang keluar para insinyur untuk bersaing dengan kompetitor kata Dyson
Britain must stop kicking out the foreign-born engineers it trains and pay native students to study engineering, according to James Dyson.	inggris harus berhenti melatih dan membiayai para murid asing untuk belajar teknik, menurut james Dyon.
Writing in The Financial Times, the prominent engineer and businessman said a lack of suitable engineers to apply for positions at his firm’s R&D centre in Wiltshire was holding back the company – and the country.	Tertulis di The Financial Times, insinyur terkemuka dan pengusaha mengatakan kurangnya insinyur yang cocok untuk melamar posisi di R&D center perusahaannya di Wiltshire memegang kembali perusahaan - dan negara.
He said the solution to this ‘crisis in engineering’, which he claimed meant 61,000 engineering vacancies at British companies would go unfilled this year, was in offering financial incentives to encourage students into the sector and in making it easier for foreign students to stay rather than losing their talents after they graduate.	Ia berkata solusi dari 'krisis teknik', yang berarti 61.000 teknik Lowongan di perusahaan-perusahaan Inggris akan terisi tahun ini, dalam menawarkan insentif keuangan untuk mendorong siswa ke sektor dan membuatnya lebih mudah bagi pelajar-pelajar asing untuk tinggal daripada kehilangan bakat mereka setelah mereka lulus.
‘We take their money and we give them our knowledge,’ he wrote.	‘kami mengambil uangnya dan kami memberikan pengetahuan kami kepada mereka,’ ia menulis.
‘But then we kick them out, dispatching newly trained engineers to foreign shores.	‘Tapi kemudian kami menendang mereka keluar, mengirim insinyur yang baru dilatih untuk keluar negeri.
Our experts are training the competition.’	Para ahli kami sedang berlatih kompetisi.’
He claimed that government advisers estimate 20 per cent of all engineers in strategically important sectors were born abroad, but that employer fees, paperwork and visa restrictions meant that the world’s most promising engineers were not being given a chance to contribute to Britain after studying here.	Ia mengklaim bahwa penasihat pemerintah memperkirakan 20 persen dari semua insinyur di sektor-sektor strategis penting lahir di luar negeri, tetapi pembatasan biaya majikan itu, dokumen dan visa yang berarti bahwa insinyur dunia yang paling menjanjikan tidak diberi kesempatan untuk berkontribusi ke Inggris setelah belajar di sini.
In response, immigration minister Mark Harper said the four months foreign graduates had to secure a professional job before they had to leave the country was plenty of time for those with in-demand skills, and that employer sponsorship fees were competitive with other countries.	Sebagai tanggapan, Menteri Imigrasi Mark Harper mengatakan empat bulan lulusan luar negeri harus memeroleh pekerjaan profesional sebelum mereka diharuskan meninggalkan negara itu banyak waktu untuk mereka dengan permintaan keterampilan, dan bahwa biaya sponsorship majikan yang kompetitif dengan negara lain.
Dyson is planning to expand its Malmesbury research centre and recruit 3,000 new engineers.	Dyson berencana untuk memperluas pusat penelitian Malmesbury dan merekrut 3.000 insinyur baru.
But the inventor said he had no idea where those engineers would come from and that 120 positions at the company went unfilled last year.	Tapi penemu mengatakan ia tidak tahu dari mana mereka akan datang dan 120 posisi di perusahaan itu terisi tahun lalu.
He said that the cost of paying engineering students’ tuition fees would quickly be recouped through greater tax revenue and provide the necessary skills to build Britain’s future power stations, high-speed railways and exportable technologies.	Dia mengatakan bahwa biaya membayar biaya pendidikan mahasiswa teknik 'dengan cepat akan dapat diperoleh kembali melalui penerimaan pajak yang lebih besar dan memberikan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk membangun stasiun listrik masa di depan Inggris, kereta api berkecepatan tinggi dan teknologi ekspor
The UK should also increase payments to postgraduate students, he added.	Inggris juga harus meningkatkan pembayaran kepada mahasiswa pascasarjana, ia menambahkan.
‘Foreign postgraduate students at our universities vastly outnumber their British colleagues.	'Mahasiswa pascasarjana asing di universitas kami jauh melebihi rekan-rekan Inggris mereka.
That might change if we paid postgraduate researchers properly for their work.’	Yang mungkin berubah jika kita membayar peneliti pascasarjana baik untuk pekerjaan mereka. "
Dyson is currently advertising around 60 research and development roles, mostly with unspecified but ‘competitive’ salaries.	Dyson saat ini iklan sekitar 60 peran penelitian dan pengembangan, sebagian besar dengan tidak ditentukan tapi gaji 'kompetitif'.
One job as a thermodynamics research engineer comes with a salary of £28,000 - £38,996.	Salah satu pekerjaan sebagai seorang insinyur penelitian termodinamika datang dengan gaji £ 28.000 - £ 38.996.

http://www.theengineer.co.uk/channels/skills-and-careers/news/uk-kicking-out-engineers-to-work-for-competitors-says-dyson/1017968.article#ixzz2zmIqYQsj

Andhika Adhitya Lestary

3SA04

10611712

Civil Engineering Heading Back To The Future

Teknik Sipil Bersiap Untuk Masa Depan

`You can't have civilization without civil engineering."	`Anda tidak dapat memiliki peradaban tanpa teknik sipil."
That saying, popular among civil engineers, is as true today as it was when the Roman aqueducts were built.	Pepatah itu populer  diantara para teknik sipil, dan itu memang benar adanya seperti ketika pada saat itu bangsa romawi membangun saluran air.
According to James E. Davis, executive director of the Reston, Va. based American Society of Civil Engineers, civil engineering is experiencing a golden era to rival the mid-1950s, when the Federal Highway Defense Act launched America's interstate highway system	Menurut James E. Davis, direktur eksekutif American Society Reston, Va. Berbasis perkumpulan teknik sipil se-Amerika, teknik sipil sedang mengalami masa keemasan untuk menyaingi  masa pertengahan 1950-an,  ketika  Federal Highway Defense Act meluncurkan jalan raya antar Negara bagian.
"Move ahead 40 years, and a lot of those original guys are retiring," Davis said.	“pandanglah 40 tahun kedepan, dan akan banyak orang-orang asli pension,” David berkata.
"What's happening now is the supply [of civil engineers] is down, and the demand is increasing. There's a need to rebuild America's infrastructure."	“Apa yang terjadi sekarang adalah pasokan (teknik sipil) menurun dan permintaan investasi meningkat. Ada kebutuhan untuk membangun kembali infrastruktur Amerika.”
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, civil engineering is the third largest branch of engineering in terms of employment, after electrical and mechanical engineering.	Menurut statistik Biro Pekerjaan Umum Amerika Serikat, teknik sipil adalah cabang terbesar ketiga teknik dalam hal pekerjaan, setelah teknik elektro dan mekanik.
About half of all civil engineers work for companies that produce designs for new construction projects.	Sekitar setengah dari semua insinyur sipil bekerja untuk perusahaan itu menghasilkan desain untuk proyek-proyek konstruksi baru.
Some work in government positions, while still others are self-employed consultants.	Beberapa pekerjaan di posisi pemerintahan, sementara yang lain adalah konsultan wiraswasta.
There are seven major branches of civil engineering: construction, environmental, geotechnical, structural, transportation, urban and community planning and water resources engineering.	Ada tujuh cabang utama teknik sipil: konstruksi, transportasi lingkungan, geoteknik, struktur transportasi , perkotaan dan perencanaan masyarakat dan rekayasa sumber daya air.
They rely on computers in the production and analysis of designs, and in simulating how a structure will perform when finished.	Mereka bergantung pada komputer dalam produksi dan analisis desain, dan simulasi bagaimana struktur akan tampil ketika selesai.
Working as part of an interdisciplinary team, civil engineers frequently consult with specialists in other occupations to solve problems.	Bekerja sebagai bagian dari tim interdisipliner, insinyur sipil secara berkala berkonsultasi dengan spesialis di bidang lain untuk memecahkan permasalahan-permasalahan.
In many engineering-degree programs at the college level, students study basic sciences, mathematics and introductory engineering courses during their first two years, then concentrate in a specific area in their last two years.	Dalam banyak program tingkatan teknik di jenjang perguruan tinggi, siswa mempelajari ilmu-ilmu dasar, matematika dan kursus teknik pengantar selama dua tahun pertama mereka, kemudian berkonsentrasi pada area spesifik di dua tahun terakhir mereka.
Because future civil engineers will lead design and construction teams on a variety of public structures, "leadership skills will be needed," David said.	Karena Teknik sipil akan memimpin tim desain dan konstruksi di berbagai struktur masyarakan dimasa depan, “Kemampuan kpemimpinan akan dibutuhkan,” ujar David.

Source : http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-01-31/business/0101310191_1_civil-engineer-college-level-designs

ANDHINA PRISMATITI

3SA04/ 10611722

What is Civil Engineering?

What is Civil Engineering?	Apakah Teknik Sipil?
Civil engineering is arguably the oldest engineering discipline.	Teknik sipil adalah teknik yang bisa dibilang paling tua dalam ilmu tenik.
It deals with the built environment and can be dated to the first time someone placed a roof over his or her head or laid a tree trunk across a river to make it easier to get across.	Teknik sipil ini berkaitan dengan pembangunan lingkungan dan boleh jadi ini adalah hal pertama bagi seseorang untuk membuat tempat tinggal untuknya atau membentangkan batang pohon agar lebih mudah dalam menyebrangi sungai.
The built environment encompasses much of what defines modern civilization.	Lingkungan yang dibangun mencakup banyak hal yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat modern.
Buildings and bridges are often the first constructions that come to mind, as they are the most conspicuous creations of structural engineering, one of civil engineering's major sub-disciplines.	Gedung-gedung dan jembatan-jembatan sering menjadi bangunan yang pertama dipikiran, karena hal itu adalah kreasi struktur teknik yang paling mencyolok  mata, salah satu subjek pokok dari ilmu tenik.
Roads, railroads, subway systems, and airports are designed by transportation engineers, another category of civil engineering.	Jalan raya, rel kereta api, jaringan bawah tanah, dan bandara adalah rancangan dari teknik transportasi, kategori lain dari teknik sipil.
And then there are the less visible creations of civil engineers.	Dan ada beberapa kreasi dari teknik sipil yang kurang terpikirkan.
Every time you open a water faucet, you expect water to come out, without thinking that civil engineers made it possible.	Setiap kali kamu membuka keran air, kamu mengira air akan keluar, Tanpa berpikir bahwa para teknik sipil yang membuat itu terjadi.
New York City has one of the world’s most impressive water supply systems, receiving billions of gallons of high-quality water from the Catskills over one hundred miles away.	Kota New York telah memiliki salah satu jaringan air yang paling menakjubkan di dunia, menerima miliyaran gallon air berkualitas tinggi dari Catskill yang jauhnya lebih dari seratus kilometer.
Similarly, not many people seem to worry about what happens to the water after it has served its purposes.	Demikian pula, banyak orang yang terlihat tidak hawatir tentang apa yang terjadi pada air yang telah di distribusikan ke tujuan.
The old civil engineering discipline of sanitary engineering has evolved into modern environmental engineering of such significance that most academic departments have changed their names to civil and environmental engineering.	Ilmu kuno tenik sipil pada teknik sanitasi telah berembang menjadi teknik lingkungan modern, seperti halnya lembaga akademis yang telah merubah nama mereka dari sipil dan teknik lingungan.
These few examples illustrate that civil engineers do a lot more than design buildings and bridges	Ini adalah beberapa contoh ilustrasi dari teknik sipil yang lebih mengutamakan rancangan gedung-gedung dan jembatan-jembatan.
They can be found in the aerospace industry, designing jetliners and space stations; in the automotive industry, perfecting the load-carrying capacity of a chassis and improving the crashworthiness of bumpers and doors; and they can be found in the ship building industry, the power industry, and many other industries wherever constructed facilities are involved.	Mereka bisa ditemukan di industri dirgantara, merancang pesawat-pesawat jet dan stasiun-stasiun; dalam industry otomotif,menyempurnakan kapasitas membawa beban-chassis dan meningkatkan kelayakan bemper-bemper dan pintu-pintu; dan merela bisa ditemukan pada indistri pembangunan apal, industri listrik, dan banyak industri lain yang merancang perkembangan fasilitas.
And they plan and oversee the construction of these facilities as construction managers.	Dan mereka merencanakan dan mengawasi pembangunan fasilitas-fasilitas ini sebagai manajer konstruksi.
Civil engineering is an exciting profession because at the end of the day you can see the results of your work, whether this is a completed bridge, a high-rise building, a subway station, or a hydroelectric dam.	Teknik sipil adalah pekerjaan yang menarik karena pada ahirnya kamu bisa melihat hasil dari pekerjaanmu, seperti jembatan ini, sebuah gedung pencakar langit, sebuah stasiun bawah tanah atau sebuah bendungan hidroelektrik,

Source : http://civil.columbia.edu/what-civil-engineering               

Asih Rizky Mahardika

3Sa04/11611253

Engineers develop 3D printed surgical implants for dogs

English	Bahasa
Engineers develop 3D printed surgical implants for dogs	Insinyur mengembangkan implan bedah yang di cetak 3D untuk anjing.
A Liverpool University spin-out is to expand its use of 3D printing to produce surgical implants for dogs.	Sebuah universitas liverpool Memerintahkan untuk memperluas penggunaan pencetakan  3d untuk menghasilkan bedah implan untuk anjing.
Formed in March 2013, Fusion Implants has developed a treatment for ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), a common orthopaedic problem that can cause knee pain and lameness	Dibentuk pada Maret 2013, perpaduan Implan yang telah dikembangkan pada pengobatan untuk pecah kranial ligamen anjing (CCL), masalah ortopedi umum yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri lutut dan kepincangan.
CCL surgery involves a portion of bone being removed from the tibia to allow the restructuring of the angle of the knee joint, which is held in place by an implant.	Operasi CCL melibatkan sebagian tulang yang dihilangkan dari tulang kering untuk memungkinkan restrukturisasi sendi lutut, yang mana di gantikan oleh implan.
New investment from The North West Fund for Venture Capital, managed by Enterprise Ventures, will allow Fusion Implants to manufacture high-performance veterinary implants from titanium using 3D printing.	Investasi baru dari The North West Fund untuk modal ventura, dikelola oleh perusahaan patungan, akan memungkinkan perpaduan implan untuk memproduksi implan kedokteran hewan dengan kinerja tinggi dari titanium menggunakan pencetakan 3D
Fusion Implants’ patented technology allows the mass manufacture of porous titanium material that encourages the animal’s bone to grow into the implant.	Teknologi yang dipatenkan perpauan Implan memungkinkan pembuatan bahan titanium berpori yang mendorong tulang hewan untuk tumbuh menjadi implan.
The new device, a result of a collaboration between the University’s Schools of Engineering and Veterinary Science, is being sold to veterinary practices in the north west and will be launched nationally within the coming months.	Perangkat baru, hasil dari kolaborasi antara Universitas Sekolah Teknik dan Ilmu Hewan, sedang dijual ke praktik dokter hewan di area barat laut dan akan diluncurkan secara nasional dalam beberapa bulan mendatang.
The company brings together Dr Chris Sutcliffe and Dr Dan Jones from the School of Engineering and their colleagues, Rob Pettitt and Ben Walton from the School of Veterinary Science. Fusion Implants will use the funding to roll out its current product, employ a design engineer and finance new product development.	Perusahaan mempertemukan Dr Chris Sutcliffe dan Dr Dan Jones dari Sekolah Teknik dan rekan-rekan mereka, Rob Pettitt dan Ben Walton dari Sekolah Ilmu Kedokteran Hewan. Fusion Implan akan menggunakan dana untuk meluncurkan hasil saat ini, mempekerjakan insinyur perancang dan membiayai pengembangan produk baru.
‘Our future plans include working closely with our veterinary surgeon customers to provide the next generation of animal implants,’ Dr Jones said in a statement. ‘In particular we will be working on a range of hip implants to suit specific breeds.’	'Rencana masa depan kami meliputi bekerja erat dengan pelanggan dokter hewan kami untuk memberikan generasi berikutnya dari hewan implan, "kata Dr Jones dalam sebuah pernyataan. "Secara khusus kami akan bekerja pada berbagai implan pinggul yang sesuai dengan ras tertentu. '

http://www.theengineer.co.uk/channels/design-engineering/news/engineers-develop-3d-printed-surgical-implants-for-dogs/1018109.article#ixzz2zmO1KI00

            Fabiola Noviana

3SA04/ 12611546

Space technology goes against the grain

Space technology goes against the grain	Teknologi ruang angkasa bertentangan dengan gandum
British Engineers propose sending a manned wooden spaceship to the moon by 2020.	Insinyur Inggris mengusulkan mengirimkan pesawat ruang angkasa kayu berawak ke bulan pada tahun 2020.
The engineers, all former employees of the aerospace division of Chum Group Oy, believe a composite fuselage made from 40 per cent redwood fibres will provide the spacecraft with three desirable qualities required for travel beyond Earth’s orbit.	Para insinyur, semua mantan karyawan dari divisi luar angkasa untuk Chum Grup Oy, percaya pesawat komposit yang terbuat dari 40 persen serat redwood akan menyediakan pesawat ruang angkasa dengan tiga kualitas yang diinginkan diperlukan untuk perjalanan di luar orbit Bumi.
‘It sounds crazy but this has been proven our lab tests,’ said Robert Wood, chairman of Suffolk-based Composite Space Exploration. ’One, it’s light so will use less fuel. Two, its strong, and it’ll bloody well need to get into space. Three, wood is renewable so that ticks all the ‘sustainability’ boxes.’	"Kedengarannya gila tapi ini telah terbukti tes laboratorium kami," kata Robert Wood, ketua Suffolk berbasis Komposit Eksplorasi Ruang Angkasa. "Satu, Ringan sehingga akan menggunakan lebih sedikit bahan bakar. Dua, kuat, dan itu akan mudah  untuk mendapatkan ke ruang angkasa. Tiga, kayu dapat di perbaharui supaya semua kotak yang 'keberlanjutan'. '
Wood explained to The Engineer that fibres from the redwood tree can be extracted in an environmentally-friendly way and then recombined with what he described as ‘proprietary materials’ to make a composite fuselage that tolerates exceptionally high temperatures and pressure.	Wood menjelaskan kepada Para Insinyur bahwa serat dari pohon redwood dapat diekstraksi dengan cara yang ramah lingkungan dan kemudian digabungkan dengan apa yang ia sebut sebagai 'bahan eksklusif' untuk membuat pesawat komposit yang mentolerir suhu yang sangat tinggi dan tekanan.
The company’s laminating process, which is subject to a patent application, is also key to the mission, as it will help form an ablative skin for re-entry.	Proses laminating perusahaan, yang merupakan subyek permohonan paten, juga kunci untuk misi tersebut, karena akan membantu membentuk kulit ablatif untuk masuk kembali.
He added that the development of a prototype is ‘at an advanced stage’ and that a series of manned test flights in low Earth orbit are scheduled for 2016 from a site in Kazakhstan.	Dia menambahkan bahwa pengembangan prototipe adalah 'pada stadium lanjut dan bahwa serangkaian uji terbang berawak di orbit rendah Bumi dijadwalkan untuk 2016 dari sebuah situs di Kazakhstan.
‘We’ll not risk a human pilot at this stage,’ said Wood. ‘There’s a pet shop on the same industrial estate as ours so we’ll likely buy a cat or a dog and then have spacesuits made for them. If they die? Not the ideal outcome, clearly, but we’ll have gained some telemetry. If they live? Then that’s the best publicity we could hope for: the mission is a success and we can launch a range of merchandise – I’m thinking soft toys - on the back of it. It’s a ‘win win’ and a real fillip for East Anglia!’	"Kami tidak akan mengambil risiko pilot manusia pada tahap ini," kata Wood. "Ada toko hewan peliharaan di kawasan industri yang sama seperti kita sehingga kita mungkin akan membeli kucing atau anjing dan kemudian memiliki antariksa yang dibuat untuk mereka. Jika mereka mati? Bukan hasil yang ideal, jelas, tapi kami akan telah mendapatkan beberapa telemetri. Jika mereka hidup? Maka itulah publisitas terbaik yang kita bisa diharapkan bagi: misi ini sukses dan kita bisa meluncurkan berbagai barang - Aku berpikir mainan - di bagian belakang itu. Ini adalah solusi yang saling menguntungkan dan perangsang nyata untuk East Anglia! '

http://www.theengineer.co.uk/aerospace/news/space-technology-goes-against-the-grain/1018310.article#ixzz2zmMYuFXj

Indah Lestari

3SA04/13611562

Materials and manufacturing boost for hydrogen storage

Materials and manufacturing boost for hydrogen storage	Bahan dan mendorong produksi untuk penyimpanan hidrogen
Engineers at the University of California, San Diego, have created new ceramic materials that could be used to store hydrogen safely and efficiently.	Insinyur di University of California, San Diego, telah menciptakan bahan keramik baru yang dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan hidrogen secara aman dan efisien.
It is claimed the researchers have, for the first time, created compounds made from mixtures of calcium hexaboride, strontium and barium hexaboride. They also have demonstrated that the compounds could be manufactured using combustion synthesis, a simple, low-cost manufacturing method.	Hal ini diklaim para peneliti telah, untuk pertama kalinya, menciptakan senyawa yang terbuat dari campuran kalsium Hexaboride, strontium dan barium Hexaboride. Mereka juga telah menunjukkan bahwa senyawa dapat diproduksi menggunakan sintesis pembakaran, metode, produksi murah sederhana.
The work is at the proof of concept stage and is part of a $1.2m project funded by the US National Science Foundation, a collaboration between UC San Diego (UCSD), Alfred University in New York State and the University of Nevada, Reno.	Karya ini dengan pembuktian tahapan konsep dan merupakan bagian dari proyek $ 1,2 juta didanai oleh US National Science Foundation, sebuah kolaborasi antara UC San Diego (UCSD), Alfred University di New York State dan University of Nevada, Reno.
The researchers presented their work in March 2014 at the third International Symposium on Nanoscience and Nanomaterials in Mexico.	Para peneliti mempresentasikan karya mereka pada bulan Maret 2014 pada Simposium Internasional ketiga di nanosains dan Nanomaterials di Meksiko.
Storing hydrogen has become increasingly important, as hydrogen fuel cells become more popular power sources in industry and elsewhere. Hydrogen, however, is difficult to store as it tends to diffuse through the walls of pressurised tanks. It also needs to be compressed in order to occupy manageable amounts of space when stored.	Menyimpan hidrogen menjadi semakin penting, sebagai sel bahan bakar hidrogen menjadi sumber daya lebih populer di industri dan di tempat lain. Hidrogen, bagaimanapun, adalah sulit untuk disimpan karena cenderung menyebar melalui dinding tangki bertekanan. Hal ini juga perlu dikompresi untuk menempati sejumlah ruang saat disimpan
According to UCSD, the resulting ceramics are essentially crystalline structures in a cage of boron. To store hydrogen, the researchers would swap the calcium, strontium and boron with hydrogen atoms within the cage.	Menurut UCSD, keramik yang dihasilkan merupakan struktur dasarnya adalah kristal dalam sangkar boron. Untuk menyimpan hidrogen, para peneliti akan menukar kalsium, strontium dan boron dengan atom hidrogen dalam kandang.
During the combustion synthesis process, engineers mixed boron with metal nitrates and organic fuels, such as urea, in a box furnace at temperatures below 400 degrees Celsius. The nitrates and organic fuels ignite, generating heat that then drives the reaction without the need for an external source of power.	Selama proses sintesis pembakaran, insinyur campuran boron dengan logam nitrat dan bahan bakar organik, seperti urea, dalam tungku kotak pada suhu di bawah 400 derajat Celcius. Nitrat dan bahan bakar organik terbakar, menghasilkan panas yang kemudian mendorong reaksi tanpa membutuhkan sumber tenaga dari luar.

http://www.theengineer.co.uk/channels/design-engineering/news/materials-and-manufacturing-boost-for-hydrogen-storage/1018409.article#ixzz2zmL7WW4Q

JOKO TRI SANTOSO

3SA04/13611858